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Trade terms explained

The vocabulary of a deal, in plain language.

Incoterms, documents, escrow events, and Marvinet-specific terms. Short definitions written for people doing their first international trade, not for lawyers.

Trade documents on a desk

24 of 24 terms

Escrow

Payments

A neutral account where the buyer's money is held until the agreed conditions are met. On Marvinet it is operated by a regulated partner; Marvinet only instructs releases.

Escrow release

Payments

The moment funds leave escrow to the seller (and the trader, on facilitated deals). Always triggered by a contractual event such as a positive inspection.

Advance

Payments

The portion of the price paid into escrow before shipment, typically 10%. It signals commitment and funds the seller's preparation.

Balance

Payments

The remainder of the price, paid into escrow after shipment and released on confirmed delivery or inspection.

Letter of credit

Payments

A bank's promise to pay the seller on presentation of documents. Slower and costlier than escrow; often required for very large or state-involved deals.

KYB

Verification

Know Your Business: verifying that a company exists, who owns it, and that it is not sanctioned. Every Marvinet account passes KYB before trading.

KYC

Verification

Know Your Customer: the equivalent checks on an individual, applied to directors and beneficial owners.

Beneficial owner

Verification

A person who ultimately owns or controls 25% or more of a company, directly or indirectly.

Sanctions screening

Verification

Checking people and companies against government lists of prohibited parties. Marvinet re-runs it daily on every account.

Deal space

Marvinet

The private area where one buyer and one seller (or a trader acting as either) negotiate, sign, and track a single deal.

Facilitated Trade

Marvinet

A 3-party structure where a trader buys from a seller in 1 deal space and sells to a buyer in another, without capital or inventory. 2 contracts, 1 escrow chain.

Direct Trade

Marvinet

A 2-party structure: 1 buyer, 1 seller, 1 contract, with escrow and verification protecting both.

Contract A / Contract B

Marvinet

On a facilitated deal, Contract A is between the trader and the seller; Contract B between the trader and the buyer. Neither counterparty sees the other contract.

Originator

Marvinet

The party who creates a deal. On Direct Trade, the originator pays the category-based fee.

Marv AI

Marvinet

The assistant inside the platform that drafts contract clauses from agreed terms, flags conflicting conditions, and answers process questions.

EXW (Ex Works)

Incoterms

The seller makes goods available at their premises; the buyer handles all transport, export, and risk from that point.

FCA (Free Carrier)

Incoterms

The seller delivers goods, cleared for export, to a carrier named by the buyer. Risk passes at handover.

CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)

Incoterms

The seller pays freight and insurance to the destination port; risk passes to the buyer once goods are on board.

DAP (Delivered at Place)

Incoterms

The seller delivers to the named destination, ready for unloading. The buyer handles import duties.

CMR

Documents

The standard consignment note for international road transport. Proves the carrier took possession of the goods and on what terms.

Bill of lading

Documents

The carrier's receipt and title document for goods shipped by sea. Whoever holds it can claim the goods.

Packing list

Documents

Itemised list of what is in each package: quantities, weights, dimensions. Used by customs and inspectors.

Commercial invoice

Documents

The seller's bill to the buyer, stating price, terms, and parties. Required for customs clearance.

Inspection report

Documents

A document, from the buyer or an independent inspector, confirming that delivered goods match the agreed specification. On Marvinet it triggers the balance release.

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